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  1. Exposure, health complaints and cognitive performance among employees of an MRI scanners manufacturing department.: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, Vol. 23, No. 2. (February 2006), pp. 197-204.PURPOS E: To assess sensory effects and other health complaints that are reported by system testers working near magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnets, realizing that it is believed that exposure up to 8 T is safe for humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Levels of exposure to static magnetic fields (SMFs), movement speed during exposure, health complaints, and cognitive performance among employees in an MRI-manufactur ing department and at a reference department have been analyzed. Mercury concentrations in urine samples were determined to analyze whether they depend on exposure to SMFs. RESULTS: Average exposure of system testers was 25.9 mT/8 hours at a 1.0-T system and 40.4 mT/8 hours at a 1.5-T system. Vertigo, metallic taste, and concentration problems were more reported among workers of MRI-fabricatio n than in the reference department. Cognitive performance was tested outside the SMF, and no significant changes were detected. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that any effects on cognitive functions are acute and transient and disappear rapidly after exposure has ended. All complaints, except for headaches, were more frequently reported by "fast movers" than by "slow movers," and depended on field strength and duration of exposure. Mercury-levels in urine were not affected.Frank de Vocht, Hinkelien van Drooge, Hans Engels, Hans Kromhout

    Source: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, Vol. 23, No. 2. (February 2006), pp. 197-204.

  2. [Health complaints and cognitive effects caused by exposure to MRI scanner magnetic fields]: Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskund e, Vol. 132, No. 2. (15 January 2007), pp. 46-47.Frank de Vocht

    Source: Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde, Vol. 132, No. 2. (15 January 2007), pp. 46-47.

  3. Occupation and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, Vol. 16, No. 3. (March 2007), pp. 369-372.Althou gh thus far no occupational agents have been classified as established causes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), employment as a farmer, teacher, dry cleaner, meat worker, printer, or wood worker has been associated with elevated risk in the peer-reviewed literature. We conducted several meta-analyses to assess risk in these occupations and industries from articles published in MEDLINE up to August 1, 2006. The summary risk estimates suggest a homogeneous excess risk for NHL among workers in the printing industry [relative risk (RR), 1.86; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.37-2.52] and wood workers (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.31). Considerable heterogeneity but elevated risks were found for farmers (RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.17), especially in animal husbandry (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.08-1.60), and teaching (RR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.34-1.61). An increased risk was absent for employment in the meat processing industry (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.77-1.29). These results suggest that although excess risk is found for employment in the printing industry, wood processing industry, teaching, and farming, it is unlikely that occupation represents a major risk factor for NHL in most populations. At present, no conclusive evidence of causal relations between occupations and increased NHL risk exists; this can be ascribed to methodologic problems in studying the link between NHL risk and occupation, including heterogeneity of disease and exposure circumstances and low statistical power. Implementing state-of-the-a rt exposure assessment technologies, including biomarker-base d assessment, and aiming to identify susceptible subgroups can increase the statistical power enough to analyze etiologically relevant NHL subtypes and provide clues on possible causal agents in future studies. These goals can be best attained within the framework of large-scale, international collaborative projects.Paolo Boffetta, Frank de Vocht

    Source: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, Vol. 16, No. 3. (March 2007), pp. 369-372.

  4. Pooled analyses of effects on visual and visuomotor performance from exposure to magnetic stray fields from MRI scanners: application of the Bayesian framework.: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, Vol. 26, No. 5. (November 2007), pp. 1255-1260.PURP OSE: To pool measurement data from individual studies on acute and temporal neurobehaviora l effects of stray fields and re-analyze these using a Bayesian framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from tests assessing effects of exposure to stray fields (<1600 mT) from MRI systems (1.5-7.0 T) on visuomotor and visual sensory systems collected in three relatively small case-crossover studies of volunteers seated in the magnet stray field were analyzed together using hierarchical regression models. Bayesian prior distributions were specified such that a priori an association with electromagneti c field (EMF) exposure was absent, and were updated with measurement data into posterior distributions. RESULTS: The posterior distributions suggested that visuomotor speed, but not precision, was affected by exposure (-0.2% to -0.7% per 100 mT). The visual contrast threshold at stronger contrasts also increased with increased EMF exposure (-1%/100 mT). CONCLUSION: Using a Bayesian framework with conservative priors appeared to be an effective technique to assess subtle effects of exposure to stray magnetic fields. The posterior distributions were dominated by the observed data, which provides additional compelling evidence that the visuomotor domain and the visual contrast threshold level are negatively affected in the presence of stray fields of 1.5-T to 7.0-T MRI systems.Frank de Vocht, Paul Glover, Hans Engels, Hans Kromhout

    Source: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, Vol. 26, No. 5. (November 2007), pp. 1255-1260.

  5. Human MRI above the FDA 8 T guideline: can we conclude that it is safe?: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, Vol. 27, No. 4. (April 2008)Frank de Vocht, Hans Kromhout

    Source: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, Vol. 27, No. 4. (April 2008)

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